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By analyzing the findings from the 2007 Changing Academic Profession Survey, this research clarifies the characteristics of university faculty members in Japan. Through international comparisons of results from the 18 participating countries, faculty members' concerns, experiences, and lifestyles, related to their teaching and research activities, are analyzed from the viewpoint of career specializations and gender. The results are as follows: 1 In each country, although university faculty members' interests in research are stronger than their interests in education, their work time is occupied by teaching activities when classes are in session, which forces them to allocate their research to times when classes are not in session. This tendency was particularly evident with female faculty in Japan. Comparatively, no other country's female faculty reported feeling as burdened with managing teaching and research time as in Japan. In addition, no other country's female faculty felt as dissatisfied with their work as female professors in Japan. The difficulties and concerns of managing education and research activities are correlated with the stress felt by female faculty. 2 After reviewing the survey findings regarding faculty members' home environments, which can indirectly influence their teaching and research activities, it became clear that male faculty members' roles in the family are generally to be breadwinners. However, female faculty must also take on the responsibilities of housework, child rearing, and care of elderly famiry members, while being evaluated professionally in the same framework as male faculty, and thus ultimataly experiencing greater stress and conflict when attempting to balance lifestyle choices. 3 From this research, it has once again become clear that the household environment and lifestyle of female faculty who are married is quite difficult in Japan, and they must bear more burdens than do male faculty who are married. It goes without saying that creating a professional support policy that takes into account the lifestyle demands of female faculty is essential for establishing positive education and research conditions. Moreover, a support policy is particularly necessary for junior researchers to be able to maintain a healty balance in work and family life, thus enabling their education and research activities. This research also focuses on the career specializations of university faculty, and attempts to make a gender-based international comparison from the general viewpoint of the fields of The 2007 Changing Academic Profession Survey humanities and science. In addition to gender, other areas to be investigatied include comparisons of age demographics between junior and senior positions, and a comparison of academic ranks.