Polarization in Brazil and Peru Presidential Elections and Corruption after the transition to Democracy

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  • ブラジルとペルーにおける分断－民政移管以降の大統領選挙と汚職－
  • ブラジル ト ペルー ニ オケル ブンダン : ミンセイ イカン イコウ ノ ダイトウリョウ センキョ ト オショク

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Abstract

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While the existent literature of political institutionalization in Latin America had acknowledged Brazil as a positive example, Peru was in the opposite extreme as a case of a collapsed political system. However, in the last decade, both countries’ political systems have shown certain commonalities, such as presidential impeachment, polarization, atomized party system, and the sudden rise and election of political outsiders in the presidential elections.The current research note aims at shedding light on the reasons for these political outcomes by analyzing both countries' electoral results in the last decade, which have been influenced by the rampant corruption, transversal to party systems and different levels of government. Once considered to be an example of sound alternation of political parties in government, Brazilian politics were disrupted by an unprecedented web of corruption known as Operation Car Wash, whose impact went beyond its borders. In Peru, the alternation of political parties based on a trial-anderror pattern in every presidential election was interrupted by the exacerbation of political polarization and the widespread corruption that led to an unparalleled political crisis.

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