Neighborhood Association as Crime Prevention Mediator : Two-Step Flow of the Crime Communication Model in Case of Special Fraud Prevention

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  • 犯罪予防の２段階の流れ仮説 : 特殊詐欺対策における町内会の機能に注目して
  • ハンザイ ヨボウ ノ 2ダンカイ ノ ナガレ カセツ : トクシュ サギ タイサク ニオケル チョウナイカイ ノ キノウ ニ チュウモクシテ

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Abstract

Since 2010s, special fraud has been a major criminal problem in Japan. In addition to publicity and awareness measures, crime prevention behavior must be promoted among the elderly. Specifically, countermeasures such as using a number display and an answering machine must be a part of the hardware they use. This article examines the indirect effect of neighborhood associations acting as mediators to promote special fraud countermeasures, rather than the direct effect of publicity and awareness campaigns. Analyzing data from two types of social surveys – one covering all of Japan and the other targeting residents of Chiba Prefecture – we examined whether neighborhood associations acted as a mediator in the “two-step flow of communication” at the three levels of knowledge, awareness, and countermeasures against special fraud. The results revealed that members of a neighborhood association had more knowledge about special fraud and a higher awareness about countermeasures. However, countermeasures behaviors were only observed in households where the elderly were aged 65-74, and not where they were aged 75 years or older; further, the results were inconsistent.

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