Association of physical activity and sleep habits during pregnancy with autistic spectrum disorder in 3-year-old infants

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  • Nakahara, Kazushige
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
  • Michikawa, Takehiro
    Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University
  • Morokuma, Seiichi
    Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
  • Hamada, Norio
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
  • Ogawa, Masanobu
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
  • Kato, Kiyoko
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
  • Sanefuji, Masafumi
    Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
  • Shibata, Eiji
    Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu
  • Tsuji, Mayumi
    Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu
  • Shimono, Masayuki
    Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu
  • Kawamoto, Toshihiro
    Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), University of Occupational and Environmental Health
  • Ohga, Shouichi
    Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
  • Kusuhara, Koichi
    Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu
  • The Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group

Description

Background: / We hypothesized that maternal lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and sleep habits, may be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in infants. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal physical activity and sleep before and during pregnancy with infant ASD diagnosed by the age of 3 years. / Methods: / We used the data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study between 2011 and 2014. The study included 103,060 pregnant women, among which, 69,969 women were analyzed. Participants were asked about their physical activity and sleep before and during pregnancy using questionnaires during pregnancy. Maternal physical activity was estimated using the international physical activity questionnaire. Based on the levels of physical activity before or during pregnancy, the participants were divided into five groups. Maternal sleep was analyzed based on sleep duration and bedtime. The outcome was diagnosis of ASD in 3-year-old infants. / Results: / In mothers with higher physical activity levels during pregnancy, the risk ratios (RR) for ASD in their 3-year-old infants were lower (RR = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42–0.90). In contrast, too short (<6 h) and too long (>10 h) sleep durations during pregnancy were associated with higher risk ratios for ASD than 7–8 h sleep duration (too short: RR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.21–2.90; too long: RR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.00–2.48). These associations were not observed before pregnancy. / Conclusion: / Maternal physical activity and sleep duration during pregnancy may be associated with ASD in infants.

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