Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant

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  • Tamura, Tomokazu
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University; Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University; School of Medicine, Hokkaido University; Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University
  • Mizuma, Keita
    Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University
  • Nasser, Hesham
    Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University; Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University
  • Deguchi, Sayaka
    Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University
  • Padilla-Blanco, Miguel
    First Medical Faculty at Biocev, Charles University; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities
  • Oda, Yoshitaka
    Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University
  • Uriu, Keiya
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
  • Tolentino, Jarel E.M.
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
  • Tsujino, Shuhei
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University
  • Suzuki, Rigel
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University
  • Kojima, Isshu
    Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University
  • Nao, Naganori
    Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University; Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University
  • Shimizu, Ryo
    Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University
  • Wang, Lei
    Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University
  • Tsuda, Masumi
    Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University
  • Jonathan, Michael
    Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University
  • Kosugi, Yusuke
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
  • Guo, Ziyi
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Hinay, Alfredo A.
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Putri, Olivia
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo; Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L)
  • Kim, Yoonjin
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo; Faculty of Natural Science, Imperial College London
  • Tanaka, Yuri L.
    Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
  • Asakura, Hiroyuki
    Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
  • Nagashima, Mami
    Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
  • Sadamasu, Kenji
    Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
  • Yoshimura, Kazuhisa
    Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
  • The Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P-Japan) Consortium
  • Saito, Akatsuki
    Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki; Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki
  • Ito, Jumpei
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Irie, Takashi
    Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
  • Tanaka, Shinya
    Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University
  • Zahradnik, Jiri
    First Medical Faculty at Biocev, Charles University
  • Ikeda, Terumasa
    Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University
  • Takayama, Kazuo
    Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
  • Matsuno, Keita
    Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University; Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University
  • Fukuhara, Takasuke
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University; Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University; School of Medicine, Hokkaido University; Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development; Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
  • Sato, Kei
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo; Collaboration Unit for Infection, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University

Description

In late 2023, several SARS-CoV-2 XBB descendants, notably EG.5.1, were predominant worldwide. However, a distinct SARS-CoV-2 lineage, the BA.2.86 variant, also emerged. BA.2.86 is phylogenetically distinct from other Omicron sublineages, accumulating over 30 amino acid mutations in its spike protein. Here, we examined the virological characteristics of the BA.2.86 variant. Our epidemic dynamics modeling suggested that the relative reproduction number of BA.2.86 is significantly higher than that of EG.5.1. Additionally, four clinically available antivirals were effective against BA.2.86. Although the fusogenicity of BA.2.86 spike is similar to that of the parental BA.2 spike, the intrinsic pathogenicity of BA.2.86 in hamsters was significantly lower than that of BA.2. Since the growth kinetics of BA.2.86 are significantly lower than those of BA.2 both in vitro and in vivo, the attenuated pathogenicity of BA.2.86 is likely due to its decreased replication capacity. These findings uncover the features of BA.2.86, providing insights for control and treatment.

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