高齢者看護学におけるオレム看護理論を基盤にした看護過程演習の学習効果と課題

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  • コウレイシャ カンゴガク ニ オケル オレム カンゴ リロン オ キバン ニ シタ カンゴ カテイ エンシュウ ノ ガクシュウ コウカ ト カダイ
  • Learning effect and problem by a base of Orem nursing theory in undergraduate students in gerontological nursing course

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Purpose : Aging is characterized by a combination of mental maturation and physical decline. For students in a gerontological nursing course, we trialed the instruction of an “Orem’s Self-Care Theory”. The purposes of this research were to clarify students learning effects and, educationd problems resulting from the introduction of Orem’s Theory to the nursing process. Methods : Over three consecutive years we analyzed １８４ students （８９．７％ response rate）who consented to our research. Data were collected after group sessions held to discuss patients with chronic disease ; students were asked to evaluate their performance on a questionnaire according to a five-grade scale ranging from “very good” to “extremely poor”. Data were analyzed from １８４ respondents by means of descriptive statistics and simple content analyzes. Findings : The proportion of the students who evaluated their performance in various items as “very good” or “good” were as follows： “to have understood the patients’ conditions and the characteristics of the treatment” （６０％ or more），“to have determined behavioral potentials of self-care” （４０％ or less）and “to have considered the developmental characteristics of the elderly in the process of resolving their health problems（４０％ or less）. Also, findings showed that eleven main categories emanated from the data； 【the Arrest a patient than Self-Care Theory】，【the nursing diagnosis process】，【the form of the paper】， 【the difference with the theory to use by other lectures】，【the expression as the“Nursing problem/ nursing diagnosis”】，【the paper patient that there is a limit for intelligence】 【the grasp condition of a patient physiology and the characteristic of the paper patient】 【the concrete nursing support】 【the drafting of nursing care plan】 【the opinion adjustment by the group】 and 【the theme of the learning】． Discussion : We found that students could understand the characteristics of elderly patients but experienced difficulties in the overall process from assessing a patient’s conditions to forming a care-plan. For further promotion of nursing students’ thinking abilities, it was suggested that a） nursing students need to understand Orem’s Nursing Theory, and b）tutors need to improve the assessment forms and their presentation of clinical case.

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