Orographic effects on the transport and deposition of volcanic ash: A case study of Mount Sakurajima, Japan

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Orographic effects on the transport and deposition of volcanic ash: A case study of Mt. Sakurajima, Japan
公開日
2017-09-16
資源種別
journal article
権利情報
  • © 2017 American Geophysical Union.
  • The full-text file will be made open to the public on 26 March 2018 in accordance with publisher's 'Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving'.
DOI
  • 10.1002/2017jd026595
公開者
American Geophysical Union (AGU)

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説明

Volcanic ash is a major atmospheric hazard that has a significant impact on local populations and international aviation. The topography surrounding a volcano affects the transport and deposition of volcanic ash, but these effects have not been studied in depth. Here we investigate orographic impacts on ash transport and deposition in the context of the Sakurajima volcano in Japan, using the chemistry-resolving version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Sakurajima is an ideal location for such a study because of the surrounding mountainous topography, frequent eruptions, and comprehensive observing network. At Sakurajima, numerical experiments reveal that across the 2–8ϕ grain size range, the deposition of “medium-sized” ash (3–5ϕ) is most readily affected by orographic flows. The direct effects of resolving fine-scale orographic phenomena are counteracting: mountain-induced atmospheric gravity waves can keep ash afloat, while enhanced downslope winds in the lee of mountains (up to 50% stronger) can force the ash downward. Gravity waves and downslope winds were seen to have an effect along the dispersal path, in the vicinity of both the volcano and other mountains. Depending on the atmospheric conditions, resolving these orographic effects means that ash can be transported higher than the initial injection height (especially for ash finer than 2ϕ), shortly after the eruption (within 20 min) and close to the vent (within the first 10 km), effectively modifying the input plume height used in an ash dispersal model—an effect that should be taken into account when initializing simulations.

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