A Short History of German Kameralism : Perspective(1)(Special Issue Dedicated to Professor Hiromi ANDO)

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  • ドイツ官房学小史 : 展望(上)(安藤洋美教授退任記念号)
  • ドイツ カンボウガク ショウシ テンボウ ジョウ

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This document contains the first half of my article, "A Short History of German Kameralism." The first two chapters contained herein cover the central issue concerning German Kameralism and a history of Kameralism in terms of social sciences and education at German universities particularly in the 18th century. The third and fourth chapters, containing a bibliographic history of Kameralism and a brief summary, will appear in the next document. Friedrich List (1789-1846) criticized the English free trade theory of Adam Smith (1723-1790) in his "Das nationale System der politischen Okonomie" (1841) . List recognized that politics in the form of governmental intervention into civil society is indispensable for a developing national economy such as Germany had at that time. On the one hand, German Kameralism included the favorable tradition of political importance; on the other hand, it had to be reformed in order to evolve from feudal thought to the philosophy of modern social science as found for instance, in List's economic theory. The central issue of this work, therefore, springs from the perspective of Kameralism spanning the period from the 17th century to the modern social science era of the 19th century. Namely, the continuity and discontinuity from the former to the latter times will be indicated. In other words, this work is in preparation for more important subjects in the German history of social science, such as the "Adam Smith (Reception) Problem." A short history of Kameralism in the social sciences and education is given in my simple commentary on Edward Baumstark's (1807-89) "Kameraristische Encyclopadie" (1835) and in a list of professors and universities concerned with the institutionalization of Kameralwissen-schaften. Three areas of social science were especially involved in this institutionalization: economics, Polizei and finance. The institutionalization began in PreuBen in 1727 and spread throughout the Germanspeaking states. The kameraristischen professorships often were founded in philosophy faculties and sometimes in faculties of jurisprudence. Additionally, some medical professors held kameralwissenschaftlichen posts. This instability of kameralwissenschaftlichen positions within universities proves that the modern cognition of society was created in Germany in the 18^<th> century. Later, modern faculties of social sciences, including staatswissenschaftliche were established as a continuation of Kameralism.

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