Art as Technique : Viktor Shklovsky and Russian Formalism

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Viktor Shklovsky was one of the leading figures of a critical and literary movement called Russian formalism. The members of this group felt that form, rather than content, was the most important aspect of any literary work. Formalist method called for detailing and organizing the literary laws and methods that were unique to literature. The most important theoretical statement of Shklovsky is in his work: "Art as Technique." In this work he sets forth his influential theory of defamiliarization. Defamiliarization is the process whereby an author makes his words or technique seem strange and different to the reader, thereby forcing the reader to see the material in a radically fresh and new way. Finally, formalism is tested by using it to view a short story by Akutagawa, "In a Grove" (Yabu no Naka).

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