文化と行動様式 : 行動型の形成について

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  • ブンカ ト コウドウ ヨウシキ コウドウガタ ノ ケイセイ ニ ツイテ
  • Culture and Behaviour Pattern

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説明

This paper is one of the series of reports which treat the problems of relationship between various ideologies and the personality structure. In a sense, culture is a typical mass ideology. In the present paper, my discussion is focussed on the ways culture builds up the personality pattern. One of such mechanisms is shown in the developmental hypothesis of psychoanalysis. It includes the particular zone and mode which belongs to the particular stage, and these stages imply the critical period of personality formation. So, if one culture directs its attention to one particular zone or mode, e. g. oral activity of Arapesh in Mead, it results in a particular type of modal personality determined by this period. Ways of ego development and its strategies, various defense mechanisms, also differs from one culture to another, and can form different behaviour patterns. There are many other models. Family system is a universal cultural phenomenon, so difference here can become the conditions of molding the different behaviour pattern, such as Kardiner. Learning theory can be a type of models. Bollard and Miller, in particular, gives a new key in Social Learning and Imitation. D. Riesman or E. Fromm tries to seek the determinants of social character in a more macroscopic dimension, social structure or its change. Lastly, special characteristic of language, the function to organize the pattern of thought and cognition and, in this respect, Sapir-Whorf's hypothesis are examined. The writer believes that this field deserves further consideration.

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