ミクロネシアの言語にみられる日本語の影響：マーシャル語への借用語

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  • ミクロネシア ノ ゲンゴ ニ ミラレル ニホンゴ ノ エイキョウ : マーシャルゴ エ ノ シャクヨウゴ
  • Japanese Influences in Languages of Micronesia: Loan Words to Marshallese

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抄録

The Micronesia region is an area consisting of many small Islands, where the influences of language and culture from Japan are still strong because of the Japanese mandate there from 1920 until the end of World War II. Much research on loan words from the Japanese has been done, especially in the Palau area. This thesis examines loan words from Japanese in the language of the Marshall Islands. In recent years, the situation of loan words from Japanese has changed because of the increasing influence of American and Chinese culture. This thesis also investigates these changes.

In carrying out this survey, I made use of 97 loanwords which are listed in a Marshallese- English Dictionary (1976). I conducted fieldwork in Majuro, the capital city of the Republic of the Marshall Islands to find out whether these words are still used or not, and if they are, how frequently they are used. This paper also discusses what kind of phonological and semantic changes these loan words have undergone.

In sum, the following facts were observed.

・Loan words have undergone phonetic changes in systematic ways.

・Semantic expansion, specialization, metastasis of the meaning occurred in some loan words, sometimes following a shift of part of speech.

・The loans of Japanese origin in general are used more frequently by elderly people, but sometimes the life environment also has an effect on the frequency of use.

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