予期反応の発達過程に関する生理心理学的研究 : 脳緩電位変動と心拍変動を中心に

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  • ヨキ ハンノウ ノ ハッタツ カテイ ニ カンスル セイリ シンリガクテキ ケンキュウ ノウカンデンイ ヘンドウ ト シンパク ヘンドウ オ チュウシン ニ
  • A Study on the Developmental Process of an Anticipation Response with Special Reference to the Variability of Slow Cortical Potential and Heart Rate

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A physiological indices, such as electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate (HR), vividly reflect an anticipation response in humans. However, less is known about the developmental process of this response. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of development on an anticipatory response, with special reference to slow cortical potential (contingent negative variation; CNV ) and anticipatory deceleration of heart rate elicited during S1-S2 paradigm. Twenty-two healthy subjects aged 3 to 23 years old participated in this study. An EEG was recorded from the midsagittal of the frontal (Fz), central (Cz), parietal (Pz) and occipital (Oz) area at the time constant 10 seconds. An electrocardiogram was recorded from chest simultaneously to calculate the HR in beats per second. One of 4 pictures (SI) was presented by using the cathode ray tube. After 4 seconds, one of 4 sounds (S2) related to S1 was presented beyond 70 dBnHL through a loud speaker. When the relation between S1 and S2 coincided, subject had to push the button as fast as possible. This sequence of stimuli was presented 30 times. The results were as follows: In subjects aged 3 to 10 years old, CNV dominantly appeared in the Oz area and was composed of two components. The first component was early negativity that developed during 3500 msec after S1 in all areas. The second one was latter negativity which appeared around 4000 msec after S1. These components reflect orienting response and anticipation response respectively. As age progressed, the amplitude of these components increased and integrated into one component. Finally, the dominant area of CNV shifted from Oz to Cz and Fz. On the other hand, HR decelerated during the interstimulus interval in subjects aged 3 to 12 years old. This phenomenon may indicate orienting response to SI. Since then, almost all the subjects showed a remarkable deceleration before the S2 was presented. The above results indicate that the developmental process of anticipation response has a close relation with the converged CNV and the HR deceleration.

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