Dietary intake in Japanese outpatients with type 2 diabetes: 2-year follow up study

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  • 外来2型糖尿病患者における2年間の食事摂取状況の実態把握
  • ガイライ 2ガタ トウニョウビョウ カンジャ ニ オケル 2ネンカン ノ ショクジ セッシュ ジョウキョウ ノ ジッタイ ハアク

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Abstract

Objective: The dietary intake across the ages of patients with type 2 diabetes is sparse though nutritional therapy is essential for self-managing for diabetes. We aimed to clarify 2-year dietary intake among Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes from a community hospital-based registry. Methods: This study was analyzed in 60 patients with type 2 diabetes (Men%:65.0%, Age: 66.8y, BMI: 23.6kg/m2, HbA1c:7.4%) using the food frequency questionnaire based on food groups using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: BMI, HbA1c, and serum lipid revels did not show significant difference over 2 years. Systolic blood pressure level in 2 years was significantly high than the value of baseline (137.3±13.6 vs. 132.8±14.7mmHg, p= 0.031). There was no significant difference in mean energy intake and proportions of protein and carbohydrate comprising total energy intake over 2 years. The proportion of fat intake increased (25.8±5.3 vs. 27.3±6.2%, p=0.030) and the fiber intake decreased in the 2 years (13.8±4.6 vs. 12.5±3.6g, p=0.030). As a dietary intake by food groups, vegetable intake was decreased (280±132 vs. 229±114g, p=0.004) and meat intake increased (45±31 vs. 57±48g, p= 0.029) in the 2 years. In addition, among patients who had HbA1c <7%, the intake of fiber and vegetable intakes in 2 years decreased compared with those at baseline (p= 0.048, 0.001), and patients with HbA1c ≥7% had higher fat intake value in 2 years than that of baseline (p= 0.043), though the proportion of fat intake did not show significant difference over 2 years. According to BMI, patients without overweight (BMI< 25kg/m2)raised the proportion of fat intake and milk/milk products intakes (p= 0.043 and 0.022, respectively) and reduced fiber and vegetable intakes (p= 0.003 and 0.003, respectively) in 2 years. The patients with overweight show higher green vegetable intake in 2 years, but the intakes of other nutrients and food group did not significantly changed. Conclusion: Our study clarified the characteristics and change of dietary intake of Japanese outpatients with type 2 diabetes and considering the treatment status would be useful for understanding each dietary intake of each patients with type 2 diabetes.

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