宋代における熟戸の形成とその対策：蕃兵制研究の基礎として

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タイトル別名
  • Song Dynasty Military Policy and the Formation of the Shu-hu (熟戸): A Study on the Fan-bing (蕃兵) System
  • ソウダイ ニ オケル ジュクコ ノ ケイセイ ト ソノ タイサク バンヘイセイ

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抄録

The Song military unit called Fan-bing (蕃兵) was not composed of the Han race (漢族) but built mainly with ethnic minorities such as Tanguts (党項) or Tibetans (吐蕃) called Shu-hu (熟戸). In other words, the Fan-bing system differed from other Han military units, thus this system should be emphasized as a prerequisite for the study of Shu-hu. The objective of this article, as an initial study on the Fan-bing system is to analyze some of the basic problems of Shu-hu, and to study the minority problems in the north-west frontier region during Song dynasty. As a result of my study, the following points can be confirmed.1. Due to the international relations at the time, especially between the Shu-hu and Xi-xia (西夏), and the aggressive policy of assimilating ethnic minorities, Shu-hu became closely associated with the Song dynasty.2. Two policies made the close association between the Shu-hu and Song dynasty possible. After the ethnic minorities were assimilated, Shu-hu either immigrated to the frontier regions or gave up their land in exchange to obtain rights to continue living in their original area of habitat. Furthermore, ethnic minorities resided within the Song fortress (堡寨) and maintained self-determination in the nearby areas.3. It was common practice for the Song government to confer the title of fan-guan (蕃官) to the head of Shu-hu. Later they became Song government bureaucrats and played an important role as an intermediary between Shu-hu and Song dynasty.4. If necessary the Song government intervened in internal affairs of Shu-hu, but only when internal disputes could not solved. Except for murder, all criminal acts committed by the Shu-hu were punished according to the customs of ethnic minorities. Disputes were commonly settled by compensation with animal stocks.5. Moreover, the Song government made treaties with Shu-hu should an emergency arise against the Xi-xia. For instance, the treaty between Fan Zhong-yan (范仲淹) and Shu-hu envisaged the civilians to be protected in the fortress in case of emergency, and if the treaty was violated, goats and horses were offered as compensation, or the head of Shu-hu was take as hostage.

収録刊行物

  • 東洋学報

    東洋学報 78 (4), 413-447, 1997-03

    東洋文庫

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