「教育」と「EDUCATION」との出会い : 16～19世紀の外国語辞書の変遷より

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  • キョウイク ト EDUCATION ト ノ デアイ 16 19セイキ ノ ガイコクゴ ジショ ノ ヘンセン ヨリ
  • The Encounter Between "Kyo-Iku" and "Education" in Japan : The Chronological Study of the Dictionaries between 16th and 19th Centuries

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The English word "Education" is generally considered a synonym or exact translation for the Japanese word "Kyo-iku." However, the etymology and concepts of these words reveal a significant difference that impacts each country in its own peculiar way. "Education" came from Europe, through the United States, to Japan while "Kyo-iku" was imported from China. The two had their most critical and controversial encounter in Japan. This paper focuses on a study of the chronology of these words and the concepts, and also presents the results of their having collided in Japan. In Tatsunosuke Hori's "A Pocket Dictionary of the English and Japanese Language (sic)" published in 1862, "Education" = "Yashinai-Ageru-koto" which means "to bring up" in English, and in Kamenoskay (sic) Horikoshi's dictionary with the same title revised and corrected in 1866, "Education = Kyo-iku." So far, therefore, we have seen that "Education" encountered "Kyo-iku" in 1866. We cannot find, however, on what grounds Horikoshi revised the Japanese definition from "Yashinai- Ageru-koto" to "Kyo-iku." We can find that "Education = Kyo-iku (in Chinese) in Lobscheid's "English and Chinese Dictionary" published in 1866-69. The two dictionaries, Horikoshi's and Lobscheid's, therefore, may have affected each other at that time.

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