電波天文観測に向けた臼田宇宙空間観測所64ｍアンテナの性能評価とその改善に向けた取り組み

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  • Performance evaluation of Usuda Deep Space Center 64 m antenna for radio astronomical observations and efforts on its improvement

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The Usuda Deep Space Center 64 m antenna is the largest radio antenna in Japan, taking an important role as a tracking station of Japanese spacecrafts. It is equipped with receivers of L, S, C, and X bands, which are important for the centimeter-wavelength radio astronomy in Japan. Its system performance such as antenna patterns and receiver and system noise temperatures had not been regularly evaluated since its primary role is not radio astronomical operations. Therefore, we measured the current values of these parameters. We observed 3C274 in a raster scan mode and obtained beam sizes at 1.4 and 1.6 GHz, respectively, to be 0.209 ± 0.007 deg and 0.176 ± 0.007 deg in azimuth and 0.210 ± 0.023 deg and 0.148 ± 0.030 deg in elevation. The IF levels of hot and cold loads, sky plus noise-sources, and the open sky were measured and obtained system and receiver noise temperatures to be 92.3 ± 8.7 K and 27.1 ± 13.3 K, respectively, at 1.4 GHz, and 86.4 ± 5.2 K and 42.6 ± 12.1 K at 1.6 GHz. We measured equivalent temperatures of the noise diode to be 33.5 ± 5.9 K and 29.8 ± 6.7 K in 1.4 GHz and 1.6 GHz, respectively. The antenna driving parameters such as maximum velocities and accelerations in azimuth and elevation were also measured. Here we present the spectral line observations that implemented a frequency switching mode.

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