民法709条における不法行為の成立要件の再構築

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  • ミンポウ 709ジョウ ニ オケル フホウ コウイ ノ セイリツ ヨウケン ノ サイコウチク

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Abstract

This paper examines legal requirements for a tortious act as stipulated in Article 709 of Japan's Civil Law by reviewing traditional academic theories and reconstructing a new paradigm. It is reasonable to distinguish the elements for identifying a tortious act from those for judging the degree of the liability arising from such an act. In identifying a tortious act, it is essential to judge properly the infringement of legal rights and benefits as well as actor's intent and fault. This assumption implies that the notion of“illegality”，established by the accumulation of earlier academic theories, should not directly be taken into account for the identification. In judging the degree of the liability, it is required to implement a balanced comparison of the degree of the infringement with the extent of actor's intent and fault. On these bases, care needs to be taken to consider the principle that the“primary”purpose of the tort law is to appropriately ensure and coordinate individual rights and freedom, rather than to preserve the existing legal order.

長崎大学経済学部研究年報, 26, pp.101-148; 2010

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