Transformation of women's life course during interwar period: analysis of the 1983 Women's Occupational Mobility and Career Survey

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  • 貫戦期と女性のライフコースの変容 --「職業移動と経歴調査（第2回女子調査）, 1983」の再分析--
  • カンセンキ ト ジョセイ ノ ライフコース ノ ヘンヨウ : 「 ショクギョウ イドウ ト ケイレキ チョウサ(ダイ2カイ ジョシ チョウサ),1983 」 ノ サイブンセキ

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Under the wartime regime, women's educational and occupational demands were expanding, while family policies were implemented to support their reproductive role in the family system. This paper aims to clarify the impacts of the wartime regime on women's life course, analyzing the 1983 Women's Occupational Mobility and Career Survey. Women's occupational trajectories from the late teens to 40s were compared according to educational backgrounds and by birth cohorts. The results showed that life course patterns of the 1921-1925 birth cohort from the late teens to early 20s were affected by wartime labor demands. In particular, while clerical jobs and manual work expanded among young middle school graduates, most left the jobs after the end of the war by the age of 25. The M-shaped pattern of labor force participation by age has been regarded as a unique characteristic of Japanese women's life course after the period of rapid economic growth. Under the wartime regime, the prototype life pattern for women in their early 20s emerged among female middle school graduates in Japan.

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