看護職が行う健康相談における看護の機能と課題 : 健康相談に関する文献検討を通じて

本研究の目的は,看護職者が行う健康相談に関する文献検討を通して,健康相談で援助が必要な事柄,援助内容,成果,健康相談の課題を調べ,健康相談における看護の機能と課題を明らかにすることである。医学中央雑誌web版(1999〜2004), OPAC千葉大学蔵書検索により選定した国内34文献と,CINAHL web版(1995〜2004), Dissertation Abstract international (2003〜2004)により選定した海外16文献を精読した。その結果,健康相談における看護の機能として,次のことが明らかになった。多様な発達段階と健康レベルにある対象者が,社会生活や環境条件と調和を図りながら自分らしい生活を営むために,本人・家族に支援が必要な事柄を明らかにし,信頼関係を構築しつつ,本人・家族が主体的に解決できる方法を見出すことを援助する。援助の際には,健康相談の場の特性に応じて,本人・家族,または地域全体の健康問題へと発展させて援助する。その結果,本人・家族の健康状態や生活習慣が改善し,生活が維持され,さらには,地域住民全体の疾病予防ができる。課題として,健康相談技術の改善に向けた生活実態の把握と実行可能な対処方法の検討,及び,社会的条件の改善に向けて健康問題を政策へ提言することがあげられる。

The present literature review aimed to elucidate nursing functions and challenges in health counseling. Literature was gathered using searches of Igakuchuouzasshi, a Japanese index of medical articles (1999-2004), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL, 1995-2004). Research questions were: 1) Where were the previous studies of health counseling (the studies) conducted?; 2) What findings were similar among each studies?; and 3) What findings were particular in each studies? The following results were derived from 50 articles: 1) The studies were conducted at institutions, worksites, schools, public health facilities, and religious institutions; 2) Commne nursing functions were to assess health needs, to providie care in cooperation, to be gotten well-bing including family members. And commne challenges in health counseling were to assess patients lifestyle more concretely.; 3) Depending on nurses' roles at each location, findings included data on health needs, nursing actions, outcomes of nursing intervention, and challenges in health counseling. This literature review demonstrated that health counseling benefits patients by reinforcing their self-care abilities and improving their health status. In addition, the literature indicated that nurses face challenges in providing more individualized care and in advocating the prevention of social health problems.

source:Journal of Chiba Academy of Nursing Science