仮釈放者と執行猶予者の保護観察処遇の相違について-刑罰の基本原理を踏まえた考察-

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  • カリシャクホウシャ ト シッコウ ユウヨシャ ノ ホゴ カンサツ ショグウ ノ ソウイ ニ ツイテ - ケイバツ ノ キホン ゲンリ オ フマエタ コウサツ -
  • The difference between parole and probation treatment as penal measures: An analysis based on the fundamental principles of punishment

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Abstract

保護観察は,非行少年と犯罪者の改善更生を目的とした社会内処遇である。保護処分を受けた少年の保護観察処遇は,「健全な育成」(少年法)を期して行われている。しかし,刑事処分を受けた成人の保護観察のあり方に関しては,刑罰原理を踏まえた議論がほとんどない。本論文は,刑罰論を概観した上で,仮釈放者と保護観察付執行猶予者に対する保護観察処遇の相違を検討し,次の3点を論じる。1)刑罰の基本原理は応報的原理と教育的原理からなる。刑の宣告では応報的原理が優先し,犯罪者処遇では教育的原理が優位に立つ。2)執行猶予は刑の付随処分であり,教育的原理が重視されるが,仮釈放は刑執行の一形態であり,応報的原理も重視される。両者の性質の違いを踏まえ,保護観察官は処遇を行う必要がある。3)保護観察官が,保護観察に対する仮釈放者と保護観察付執行猶予者の意識の相違や,保護観察の枠組みの積極的な機能に留意することも重要である。

Probation and parole are community-based treatments designed to facilitate the process of rehabilitation of juveniledelinquents and adult offenders. Probation officers work with juveniles under probation or parole supervisionas a protective measure to ensure their“sound development"(Article 1, Juvenile Law). However, few researchershave discussed how to treat adults placed on probation or parole as a penal measure while taking the principlesof punishment into account. Based on a review of punishment theories, the present study examines the differencebetween the treatment of adults who were paroled from penal institutions and of adults under probation with a suspended sentence. We discuss three points. 1)The fundamental principles of punishment consist of the retributive principle and the reformative principle. While the retributive principle is emphasized over the reformative principle at the pronouncement of a sentence, the reformative principle is prioritized in the treatment of offenders.2)The reformative principle is especially important in the treatment of probationers because suspending the execution of a sentence is a complementary measure to punishment. In the case of parolees from penal institutions, the retributive principle as well as the reformative principle is significant because the parole period is a part of the execution of a sentence. Probation officers should work with probationers and parolees while taking such differences between the two treatments into consideration. 3)It is important for probation officers to treat both probationers and parolees, paying particular attention to both the difference in those adults'perceptions of their treatments and the therapeutic function of the probation and parole frameworks.

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