サクラてんぐ巣病に関する研究 : I.子のう胞子形成と飛散について

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  • サクラてんぐ巣病に関する研究-1-子のう胞子形成と飛散について
  • サクラ テングスビョウ ニカンスルケンキュウ 1 シノウ ホウシ ケイセイ ト
  • Studies on Witche's Broom of Cherry Caused by Taphrina wiesneri (RATH.) MIX : I. On the Development and Dispersal of Ascospore

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サクラてんぐ巣病菌の子のう胞子は, 罹病葉組織中に存在する菌糸に由来する.展葉とともに罹病葉裏面の細胞に菌糸が蔓延し, とくにクチクラと表皮細胞に発達し, それが造のう細胞となり, 脚胞と子のうに分化し, 子のう胞子形成へと発達する.子のう胞子形成の最低限界温度は5℃と10℃の間に, 最適温度は20°〜25℃に.最高限界温度は30℃以上にそれぞれ存在するようである.子のう胞子の空気中における飛散は4月にはじまり4月中下旬に最高を示し, 5月には低下し, 5月末にはほとんどみられなくなる.夜間と昼間における胞子飛散の差はほとんどない.降雨によって大量の胞子が流亡する.病葉からの子のう胞子放出は4-5日で終るが, 出芽胞子のそれは長く続く.子のう胞子の発芽と温度との関係は, ほぼ胞子形成に対する温度関係と同じようである.

Studies on Witches' Broom of Cherry Caused by Taphrina wiesneri (RATH.) MIX. 1. On the Development and Dispersal of Ascospore. Wataru IIDA, Kazuya HIRANO, Kyoko OGINO and Hiriko YOKOYAMA. Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan. Tech. Bull. Fac. Chiba Univ., No.25: 63-69, 1977. Development of ascospore of Taphrina wiesneri (RATH.) MIX began at the early stage of the development of diseased leaves. The ascospores developed from the mycelium in the tissue of the leaves. The mycelium grew as the leaves developed. The mycelia incresed its mass in the subcuticular region of underside of the diseased leaves and developed to ascogenous cell. The cell developed into stalk cell and ascus. The ascospores were formed in the ascus. The ascospores were released from the ascus into air. The ascospores were formed at the range between 10℃ and 30℃. The optimum temperature for their formation seemed to lie from 20℃ to 25℃. Dispersal of the ascospores in the air began in early April and increased to a maximum during mid-April. Late in May the ascospores and conidia were not trapped. There was no difference in ascospore dispersal between day and night. The period of a release of ascospores from the diseased leaf was about 3 to 4 days. But the release period of conidia was longer than that of ascospores. Rain caused a release of ascospores from the diseased leaves and numerous spores were washed away. The relation of temperature to budding of the ascospores was almost similar to that needed for formation of them.

source:The technical bulletin of Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University

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