船員の船上生活における作業強度に関する研究 : 本学練習船汐路丸での短期実験航海において

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[はじめに] 船員の健康問題はこれまで疾病治療研究を中心に行なわれていたが，近年健康増進，体力づくりという面からのアプローチの必要性が各方面で指摘されるようになってきた。船上生活と陸上生活の相違は前者が船内という限られた生活環境の中で一定期間，職住共通の日常生活をすることにある。この特殊な生活環境のため，船員は運動不足，過剰栄養摂取（特に飲酒），生活リズムの変化，船酔等による身体的および精神的ストレスを受け，健康レベルが低下しているのではないかと予想される。実際，陸上労働者に対して船員に肥満者が多い傾向が指摘されている。また，過去における本学学生の1カ月間の乗船実習においても，運動不足による体力低下や体重増加を指摘する学生が見受けられた。船上生活における船員の健康問題は長期にわたる場合はその維持や改善に十分考慮する必要があり，運動，栄養，休養等の様々な角度から検討を加えることが望まれる。そこで，筆者らは本学練習船汐路丸での3泊4日の短期実験航海に乗船して，船員の業務内容とその作業強度を把握し，将来の長期乗船中の健康，体力づくり対策の基礎資料とすることを目的とした。

[ABSTRACT] This time we joined a short-term (four days and three nights) navigation for the experiment on board our training-ship, Shioji-Maru to analyze the working condition of eight sailors in connection with the substance of duties, the amount of energy consumption and intake, and the heart rate. The results obtained are as follows:(1) The amount of energy consumption per day increased in the order of the chief steward, engineer, navigation officers, the chief engineer and the captain. (2) Two groups were formed with regard to the amount of energy intake per day. The group with larger intake (more than 2400kcal) showed the tendency to take excessive intake as compared with the amount of energy consumption. While one group with smaller intake (2000kcal) showed the tendency to take insufficient intake. (3) The average %HRmax with each operation on board the ship was 45~55% for navigation officers at the time of entering and departing from ports, during the watch by engineers and during the meal-preparation time of the chief steward. But it was around 40% during the watch by the captain, the chief engineer and navigation officers as well as in the sedentary whole of the captain. (4) There was significant correlation between the amount of energy consumption per minute per weight and the average %HRmax during operation on board the ship(r=0.898,p<O.O1). (5)There was significant correlation between the rate of energy consumption and intake on board the ship and the average %HRmax during operation on board the ship(r=-0.824,p<0.01).