個人別年金情報提供の経緯と課題 : 家計の意思決定に資する情報の提供に向けて

長寿化に伴い家計の生涯収支における公的年金の重要性が増しており，将来の公的年金受給に不安を抱えている家計は少なくない．本稿では，家計の意思決定に資する個人別年金情報の提供に向けて，日本における個人別年金情報提供の経緯を振り返った上で，諸外国の状況を確認し，日本における今後の課題を考察した．日本の個人別年金情報提供は，2002 年に公表された年金制度改正の素案を契機に拡充が進み，現在は2009 年から本格実施された通知と2011 年に開始されたWeb サイトでの記録確認や見込額試算のサービス，2022 年に開始されたWeb アプリでの見込額試算サービスなどの形態で実施されている．諸外国では，1999年にアメリカとスウェーデンで大規模な通知が始まり，2004 年のスウェーデンを契機に公的年金と私的年金に関する個人別の情報を一元的に提供する仕組みが数か国で進められている．日本における課題は，プッシュ型通知の継続，私的年金なども含めた一元的な情報提供，公的年金給付の目減り見込みの伝え方，ナッジの活用，の4 点を指摘できる．

With the increase in longevity, public pensions are becoming more important in households’ lifetime accounts, and many households are concerned about their future public pension benefits. In order to provide personal pension information that contributes to households’ decision-making, this paper reviews the history of the provision of personal pension information in Japan, checks the situation in other countries, and discusses future issues. The provision of personal pension information in Japan has been expanded since the draft revision of the pension system released in 2002, and currently includes the Social Security Statement, fully implemented from 2009, the record check and pension amount estimation service on a website launched in 2011, and the service for estimating the amount of pension in a web application launched in 2022. In other countries, the U.S. and Japan have been implementing the system since 1999, and the U.S. and Japan have been implementing the system since 2000. In other countries, the U.S. and Sweden started large-scale Social Security statements in 1999, and several countries have implemented services that integrate and provide personalized information on public and private pensions, starting with Sweden in 2004. Japan faces the following four issues: continuation of push-type notification, integrated information provision including private pensions, communication of the expected decline in public pension benefits, and use of nudges.