「資本の本源的蓄積」とソ連／ロシア(下)-３

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タイトル別名
  • The Primitive Accumulation of Capital and the Experiences of the Soviet Industrialization. Part 2（3）
  • 「 シホン ノ ホンゲンテキ チクセキ 」 ト ソレン/ロシア(シタ 3)

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The acceleration of industrialization increased the demand for grain in industries and cities. As grain prices rose, so did the shortage of livestock feed made from the same grain. The starting point of the problem of declining livestock numbers due to slaughter and sale of livestock in rural areas is the forced industrialization without any serious consideration of the balance with the agricultural situation. Regarding the form of collectivization in the countryside, Stalin’s leadership repeatedly vacillated between the basic stable form of artels, which allowed common ownership of land as well as vegetable gardens and a certain amount of livestock on the land attached to the houses, and the transitional form of arteries, which was merely a transitional form to the kommuna (communes), where all means of production including livestock were shared. This accelerated the decline in the number of livestock. Furthermore, the policy of “socialization of livestock,” which was supposed to be a response to the urgent problem of the livestock crisis rather than an ideology that aimed for a higher level of collectivization, failed miserably to curb the slaughter of livestock. In the end, after a long period of catastrophe in which the number of livestock could not be recovered, certain livestock holdings, such as cow, poultry and sheep were allowed as “individual sideline farming” along with land attached to housing estates. Thus, the dual structure of collective farm and tiny individual farming became a permanent feature of Soviet agriculture. It can be said that the destruction of small peasant farming through forced collectivization reached its historical limit here.

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