日中韓の女子大学生における化粧行動に及ぼす 文化的・経済的要因の影響

本研究では，日本の女子学生152名，中国の女子学生222名，韓国の女子学生92名を対象として，化粧意識，化粧行動，化粧に関わる文化的要因，化粧に関わる経済的要因の差異，及び化粧意識，文化的要因，経済的要因が化粧行動に及ぼす影響を検討した。その結果，日中韓における3国の差異については，化粧意識，化粧行動，文化的要因では日本と韓国が概ね類似し，中国より質問票得点の平均値が高かった。化粧意識，文化的要因，経済的要因の一部である経済意識についての因子分析を行い，日中韓におけるそれぞれの因子構造を調べた。化粧意識においては，日本では1因子，中国では「化粧意欲」と「他者を意識した化粧」の2因子，韓国では「化粧の必要性」と「化粧の心理的効果」の2因子が抽出された。文化的要因においては，日本では「化粧の社会性」と「化粧文化の継承」の2因子，中国では「化粧の社会性」，「化粧文化の継承」，「化粧への不安」の3因子，韓国では1因子が抽出された。経済意識においては，日本では「金銭不足感」と「金銭余裕感」の2因子，中国では「金銭満足感」，「化粧品の高価格感」，高景気感」の3因子，韓国では1因子が抽出された。相関分析の結果，これらの要因間だけではなく，これらの要因や家計に関する経済的な要因と化粧行動の多くの間に相関があることが示された。さらに，化粧意識，文化的要因，経済的要因が化粧行動に及ぼす影響について重回帰分析で検討した結果，日中韓ともに経済的要因の影響は小さく，主に化粧意識と文化的要因が影響していることがわかった。これらの結果，日中韓の女子大学生の化粧行動には，化粧意識，文化的要因，経済的要因が複合的に関わることが示唆された。 This study examined differences in makeup conciousness, makeup behavior, cultural factors of makeup and economic factors of makeup, as well as the effects of makeup conciousness, cultural factors and economic factors on makeup behavior.Participants were female college students included 152 Japanese, 222 Chinese and 92 South Korean. The results showed that the scale scores in makeup conciousness, makeup behavior and cultural factors among the three countries were higher in Japan and South Korea than in China. Factor analysis was conducted to examine the factor structure in each of makeup conciousness, cultural factors and economic consciousness, which was part of the economic factors in the three countries.For the makeup conciousness, one factor was extracted in Japan, two factors of “desire to makeup” and “makeup with conciousness of others” in China, and two factors of “necessity of makeup” and “psychological effects of makeup” were extracted in South Korea. For the cultural factors, two factors of “ social aspects of makeup” and “inheritance of makeup culture” in Japan, and three factors of “ social aspects of makeup”, “inheritance of makeup culture”, and “anxiety about makeup” were extracted in China, and one factor was extracted in South Korea. For the economic conciousness, two factors of “ sense of being short of money ” and “ sense of financial freedom” in Japan, three factors of “sense of financial satisfaction”,“sense of high price of cosmetics”, and “sense of high prosperity ” were extracted in China, and one factor was extracted in South Korea. Correlation analysis showed correlations not only between these factors, but also between these factors or an economic factor related to household finances, and makeup behavior. Furthermore, the results of multiple regression analysis on the effects of makeup conciousness, cultural factors and economic factors on makeup behavior showed that the effects of economic factors were small, and that makeup conciousness and cultural factors mainly influenced makeup behavior in Japan, China and South Korea. These results suggested that makeup conciousness, cultural factors and economic factors are complexly related to makeup behavior among female college students in Japan, China and South Korea.