Organic Photovoltaics with Carbon Nanotube Charge Collectors : Inverted Structures for Parallel Tandems

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In order to achieve higher power conversion efficiencies within organic photovoltaics (OPVs), more solar light must be absorbed from a broader spectrum. We demonstrate that OPVs with different photoactive layers can be connected in parallel to form monolithic tandems using mechanically strong, electrically conductive, and transparent networks of carbon nanotubes as charge collectors. We show how our earlier results on such parallel tandems [l] can be significantly improved by using the inverted OPV structures with charge selective layers of inorganic oxide films. Such robust inorganic layers allow inverting the usual Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) anode into a cathode, and also protect it from electrical shorting by sharp carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanoneedles. To further improve OPV tandems we show how doping affects CNTs to lower their sheet resistance as well as reducing the incidence of shorting within the small molecule sub-cell.

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