自閉症スペクトラム障害の実行機能と運動制御に関する研究展望と事例的研究

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  • ジヘイショウ スペクトラム ショウガイ ノ ジッコウ キノウ ト ウンドウ セイギョ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ テンボウ ト ジレイテキ ケンキュウ

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１.The present study reviews executive motor control in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). In several previous researches, ASD has been associated with severe difficulties of executive functions (e.g., planning, set-shift) and specific activities in the prefrontal cortex. In a Go/Nogo task requiring participants to shift internal set, it was also founded difficulty to motor inhibition in ASD. ２.In order to elucidate the effect of methylphenidate on executive motor process in an individual with ASD,hemodynamic responses were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. The individual (19 years old) participated in the Go/Nogo task ２ times (1st time：drug-free condition, 2nd time：under-drug condition). The Go/Nogo task was consisted of two sequences; target stimulus was presented with 80％ in Frequent sequence and 20％ in Rare sequence.In both of drug-free and under-drug conditions, the prefrontal activity increased in the right ventrolateral prefrontalcortex after the change of probability to Rare from Frequent sequence. This finding showed that motor response strategy might shift more efficient mode in the ASD individual. Furthermore, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was activated in under-drug condition compared with drug-free condition. The increased activation might concern to be improved attentional function under the effect of methylphenidate.

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