モモ果実の発育に関する生理学的研究-1-果実発育に伴う組織学的変化

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  • モモ果実の発育に関する生理学的研究 I : 果実発育に伴う組織学的変化(農学部門)
  • モモ カジツ ノ ハツイク ニ カンスル セイリガクテキ ケンキュウ 1 カジツ ハツイク ニ トモナウ ソシキガクテキ ヘンカ
  • Physiological studies on the growth and development of peach fruits I : Anatomical changes during the development of peach fruits (Agriculture)

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Abstract

The development of peach fruits was investigated by anatomical change of weekly samples from full bloom to ripening. Used for experiments were the three varieties of peach "Sunakowase" (early maturing), "Okubo" (middle maturing) and "Hakuto" (late maturing). The general pattern for fruit and seed parts of three varieties during development was similar. Fruits development could be distinguished into three stages by their anatomical changes. The duration of Stage I (rapid pericarp growth) was identical for the three varieties for development of mesocarp, integument and embryo. The duration of Stage II (retarded pericarp growth) differed with the variety; the earliest maturing variety having the shortest period. The duration of Stage II was correlated directly with the date of fruits ripening. Development of integuments was continuous : they reached their maximum size at the end of 9 weeks after full bloom. Embryo development was very slow until the 7th week. It was a flat structure until the 5th week, when it became spherical. Cotyledons were formed in the 8th week and reached maximum size at 12 weeks after full bloom. The coincidence of pit hardening with depressed fruit growth had led to the suggestion that competition for nutrients suppressed growth of the mesocarp. However, theory was questioned; when a double sigmoid growth curve was observed even for GA induced parthenocarpic peaches. Growth characteristics of the seedless fruit were the same as for pollinated and seeded fruits. The cell division of mesocarp in the three varieties occured mostly about 3 weeks from full bloom Thereafter growth was due primarily to the enlargement of cell already formed. The vacuoles in the cell of mesocarp tissue of "Okubo" peach fruits varied in shape and size in relation to the stage of development and the metabolic state of the cell. The vacuoles were often numerous and small at full bloom, however they coalesced to form one large vacuole which forced the cytoplasm to the outside of the mesocarp cell at the end of Stage I.

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