Ethno‐cultural connections among the Islands around Yonaguni‐jima : The network of the “East Taiwan Sea”

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  • 与那国島を取り巻く島々の文化的つながりについて

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In the sea east of Taiwan lie the islands of Miyako and Yayeyama in the north, Taiwan, Green Island and Lanyu below them, and the Batanes Islands in the south. These three island groups, though situated around the same maritime region, belong to three different modern nations (Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines) with clear international borders. At present there is no specific name for this maritime region, only the vague appellation of “Pacific Ocean”. I start from the perspective of ethnology and, through a comparative historical and cultural examination of Yonaguni-jima and the islands surrounding it, discover that these islands developed similar cultural responses to the natural environment they share. Yonaguni, the westernmost point of Japanese territory, is not only geographically the link between the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan, but is also historically the last island to be conquered by the Ryukyu Kingdom. I have attempted to explore the history and culture of Yonaguni based on the following sources: (1) records of 15^<th> century shipwrecked sailors, (2) ethnic origin myths, (3) extant secret ceremonies, (4) archaeological materials and oral traditions, and (5) navigational maps, charts, etc. from the 16^<th> century on. The results reveal there was indeed a unique culture that grew up among the various ethnic groups of the maritime region described above, which ought to be given a name (I call it the “East Taiwan Sea” cultural circle) to establish a new “area” conception that will hopefully be the subject of many future dialogues within and among various disciplines in the humanities and natural sciences.

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