カルマル連合に見る国家のあり方 : 序論

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  • カルマル レンゴウ ニ ミル コッカ ノ アリカタ : ジョロン
  • The Union of Kalmar as a Type of State : An Introductory Survey

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“What is a state?" In the 16th century, it would have been difficult to answer this question, because in those days there was hardly any community properly called a state in a modern sense. It was only after the Peace of Westphalia that a sovereign state made its appearance. It is characterized above all by its sovereignty, that is, a supreme power over the members of the community. In principle, we are ensured to enjoy safety by belonging to a state and fulfilling our obligations. National identity means a lot for most of people. But in these days, owing to globalization, there appeared many serious problems which could not be solved by one state. Sometimes sovereignty has become an obstacle to solving the problems. So, now it is necessary to reconsider what we should do to improve the situation. In this thesis, I tried to find a way to a better understanding of a state. To do so, I took the Union of Kalmar for example. It consisted of three kingdoms, that is, Denmark, Sweden and Norway, and existed from 1397 to1523. First, I illustrated the Union from several points of view, then explained what `a composite / conglomerate state' was which was typical in the early modern Europe to shed a light on the Union from a new perspective. After that I surveyed the federalist theory and the like of Johannes Althusius, Samuel Pufendorf and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, in order to make clear the similarity of a federal state with `a composite / conglomerate state'

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