景泰政権の成立と孫皇太后

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タイトル別名
  • The Foundation of the Jingtai Regime and Empress-Dowager Sun
  • ケイタイセイケン ノ セイリツ ト ソン コウタイゴウ

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抄録

Yingzong’s 英宗 younger brother by a different mother, the Prince of Cheng郕王, came to the throne on the sixth day of the ninth month of 1449, twenty-one days after the disaster at Tu-mu 土木. He is known as the Jingtai emperor 景泰帝. The establishment of this Jingtai regime represented the resolution of the political complications which had developed at the Ming 明 court following the Tu-mu incident. Now the key to the political process lay in the hands of Yingzong’s “birth mother,” Empress-Dowager Sun 孫皇太后. This paper, by extracting the Empress-Dowager Sun’s connection with the foundation of the Jingtai regime, attempts to examine her vital grip on contemporary Ming court politics. The Empress-Dowager Sun’s power was established in the mid Zhengtong 正統period (1436-49). Empress-Dowager Sun, by controlling the young emperor Yingzong, maintained a hidden influence over the Ming court, but when Yingzong was kidnapped during the Tu-mu debacle, her position was undermined. To weather this crisis, Empress-Dowager Sun appointed Yingzong’s first son, Jianshen 見深, Crown Prince, and the Prince of Cheng, Protector of the State (jianguo 監國). This measure was not, however, to be a temporary one. Hoping to be the backers of the new emperor, the courtiers recommended the fifth son of the Hongxi emperor 洪煕帝, the Prince of Xiang 襄王. The Empress-Dowager Sun would still not shift her support. In the end, however, the Prince of Cheng took the throne. The main reason why the Prince of Xiang was passed over, granted that he had priority in terms of blood line, popularity, and age, is in all probability that he would have reduced the influence of the Empress-Dowager Sun. From her point of view, the Prince of Cheng, for his part, would be easier to manipulate. Furthermore, the courtiers hoped for the prompt establishment of stability at court. In this way, with the foundation of the Jingtai regime, the former ministers of Yingzong shouldered the central responsibilities of government, and the Jingtai emperor’s influence was limited.

収録刊行物

  • 東洋学報

    東洋学報 82 (1), 29-57, 2000-06

    東洋文庫

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