乾隆朝中期のモンゴル旗における魚租利権：嫩江―松花江流域のモンゴル旗を中心に

機関リポジトリ Web Site

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Fishing Rights in the The Mongol Banners during the Mid-Qianlong Period: The Case of the Nenjiang and Songhuajiang River Basins
  • カンリュウチョウ チュウキ ノ モンゴルキ ニ オケル サカナ ソ リケン : ドンコウ-マツ カコウリュウイキ ノ モンゴルキ オ チュウシン ニ

この論文をさがす

説明

Han Chinese who since the founding of the Qing dynasty were immigrating to Inner Mongolia to cultivate the land were required to pay a tax on this land to the Mongol Banners. There is already a lot of research on these land rights of the Mongol Banners and disputes between the Mongol Banners and the Chinese counties.This article takes up another question of Banner taxation which has received little attention to date, focusing on settlers known as zhantai-ding 站台丁, who fished on the banks of lakes and rivers of eastern Mongolia, in particular in the Nenjiang and Songhuajiang river basins, and paid a fishing tax to the Banners there.The author has once investigated the fishing tax issue from the last years of the Qing Dynasty into the following Republican era, showing the importance of the tax and the way in which the right to levy it was taken away from the banners and put under the jurisdiction of county authorities. Next, the author has taken up the actual conditions of the tax in the banners during the Manchukuo era, examining its relationship to the state’s policy respecting Mongolian land rights. Then, in this article, he traces the origins of the dispute over the fishing tax that arose during the Qianlong Era between the General of Jilin and Heilongjiang and the northern and southern banners of the Gorlos, describing the process by which the tax collection rights of the banners was in the end officially recognized by the Qing Dynasty.It was between 1686 and 1736 that many zhantai were settled in the Gorlos Northern and Southern Banners and many Eight Banner garrisons were placed on its borders. Those zhantai who resided near the Banner’s waterways and fished them paid taxes to the Banner for that privilege, and recognizing the profitability of fishing, bannermen themselves too took up the occupation. Consequently, disputes arose over fishing rights among bannermen, zhantai and Eight Banner garrison troops, in the midst of which the General of Heilongjiang upheld the rights of zhantai over those of the bannerman.On the other hand, on the occasion of an investigation leading to the settlement of a fishing rights dispute in 1761, the General of Jilin decided to petition Emperor Qianlong for approval of his proposed solution.The Emperor ruled that 1) fishing conducted by zhanta1on banner waterways was to be taxed by the banners and 2) fishing by Eight Banner garrison troops and bannermen outside of their areas was to be forbidden. Hearing of this imperial order, the General of Heilongjiang changed his decision on fishing rights in favor of the local bannermen, thus firmly establishing banner control over the fishing tax.

収録刊行物

  • 東洋学報

    東洋学報 96 (3), 01-025, 2014-12

    東洋文庫

詳細情報 詳細情報について

問題の指摘

ページトップへ