18世紀のアムール川中流地方における民族の交替：八姓と七姓ヘジェの移住をめぐって

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • The Change of People in the Middle Reaches of the Amur River in the Eighteenth Century : On the Migration of the Eight Clans and Seven Clan Heje
  • 18セイキ ノ アムール ガワチュウリュウ チホウ ニ オケル ミンゾク ノ
公開日
1997-12
資源種別
journal article
公開者
東洋文庫

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説明

Before the seventeenth century the following groups resided along the middle reaches of the Amur river: (1) the five clans such as Meljere and others lived upstream, and afterwards came to be known as New Manchus; (2) the three clans such as Geikere and others lived below the New Manchus, and were later called the Three clans; and (3) the eight clans such as Horfokol and others lived along banks of the Amur below its confluence with the Ussuri river and in the Ussuri valley, and they were later called the Eight clans.In 1674, the government of the Ch‘ing dynasty organized the upper New Manchus into the Eight banners (八旗), and then moved them to Ningguta, Chi-lin, and Mukden. At that time, the three clans immigrated to the confluence of the Sungari and Mudan rivers after the New Manchus, and in consequence only the Eight clans resided in the middle course of the Amur river. It was the Eight clans that were initially called the shaved head Hejes (剃髪黒金) in the Liu-pien chi lüeh (柳辺紀略) written by Yang Pin (楊賓) who travelled to Ningguta in 1689.The Ch‘ing government organized a part of the Three clans into the Eight banners in 1714, and then organized the rest of the Three clans and all the Eight clans, and moved the latter to the confluence of the Sungari and Mudan rivers in 1732. As a result no inhabitants were left in the middle reaches.But since the mid-eighteenth century the Seven clan Heje advanced and occupied this region. Though they were called the frontier people (辺民), they were not included in the 2398 families of the frontier people recorded in 1750. In the Documents of the Office of the Vice general in the Nigguta region (寧古塔副都統衙門檔案), there is a document dealing with the composition of the Seven clan Hejes. It says that a part of them called themselves the Iokemi (Iongkumi), Fushara, and Udingke clans. Their gasan da, the heads of villages, were registered as the frontier people, and lived in the lower reaches of the Amur river. Therefore the Seven clan Hejes were originally the frontier people in the lower reaches and afterwards advanced into the middle reaches apart from their clans. After 1860 the Ch‘ing government began to call them merely as Hejes, and thus they came to be known as today’s Heje people.

収録刊行物

  • 東洋学報

    東洋学報 79 (3), 243-274, 1997-12

    東洋文庫

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