Educational growth in Taiwan and Japan : effects of macroeconomic change

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Since World War II, higher education systems have expanded rapidly in both Japan and Taiwan. This paper compares the educational growth of women vis-à-vis men in Japan and Taiwan. Using time-series data that cover the experiences of birth cohorts of 1946 to 1985, we find that both societies move toward the direction of a greater gender parity in educational attainment, with different time paths. Taiwan's increase in women's average years of schooling across postwar cohorts exhibits an explosive time path, whereas Japan's time path for the increase in women's schooling is a stable one. The paper also employs cointegration model to test the positive relationship between change in educational growth and macroeconomic change (the growth in national income, in service sector employment, and in female labor force participation). The results reveal that economic growth exerts a significant impact upon the increase in educational attainment for both sexes in both societies, with stronger impacts upon Taiwanese women. Meanwhile, labor market opportunities in the service sector is closely linked with educational growth. This pattern hold true for both sexes and both societies. Finally, women's increasing participation in the economy as a driving force of educational growth is especially salient in the case of Taiwanese women.

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