言語的思考における抽象作用の研究(I) : 二物間の類似点の抽象実験(第一部)

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  • 言語的思考における抽象作用の研究(1)--二物間の類似点の抽象実験
  • ゲンゴテキ シコウ ニ オケル チュウショウ サヨウ ノ ケンキュウ 1 ニブツ カン ノ ルイジテン ノ チュウショウ ジッケン
  • An Experimental Study of a Child's Ability of Abstraction in Verbal Thinking (I) : Abstraction of Similarities Between two Things(PART I)

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A series of experiments to get information about the development of a child's ability of abstraction in verbal thinking have been recently made by asking a large number of children to find similarities between two things, e.g. " an apple " and " an orange." The age of the 310 subjects range from 6 to 13, of whom 153 are boys and 157 girls. The results are as follows : (1) Conceptual abstraction gains as the age advances. Roughly speaking, first conception gains and second conception declines as the child grows older, but with no such changes about imperfect conception. (2) Pre-conceptual abstraction gains till the age of 8 and declines after that. Conceptual abstraction exceeds pre-conceptual abstraction between the ages of 10 and 11. (3) Perceptual abstraction declines as the child grows older. Pre-conceptual abstraction exceeds perceptual abstraction between 7 and 8, while conceptual abstraction exceeds perceptual abstraction between 8 and 9. (4) Fewer children give wrong answers or no answers as they grow older. Hardly any particular age dominates the sub-categories of wrong answers. No children over 11 have been unable to answer. (5) These obserbations may make it legitimate to distinguish three periods in the development of the child's ability of abstraction : (a) perceptual period (6-7 years) (b) pre-conceptual period (8-10 years) (c) conceptual period (over 11 years) (6) A 6-year old child has been found capable of conceptual abstraction, while some of the 13-year old children have proved quite incapable. (7) It must be remembered that the difficulty varies in each pair of two words whose similarity to each other the children have been asked to abstract.

source:Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Chiba University

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