type:論文

本稿では、『知ある無知』によって始まる1440 年代のニコラウス・クザーヌスのキリスト論的思考の中に、近年の研究で注目されている「相等性」aequalitas 概念を中心とした議論とは異なる、もう一つの論脈を探り当ててみたい。神と被造物との媒介の問題に照準した近年のクザーヌス研究においては、相等性の概念が受肉の理論的正当化という関心から注目されている。本稿でもその議論を跡づけたうえで、それとは異なる受肉論の論脈が、『知ある無知』第三巻の中に既に胚胎されていたことを明らかにする。さらにその論脈が、5 年後の『光の父の贈りもの』において主要なテーマを成す受肉と宇宙の創造との連関をめぐる視点に引き継がれていることを指摘したい。それは「宇宙的受肉」とも名付け得るクザーヌス独自の受肉論構築の軌跡である。この時期のクザーヌスのキリスト論的思考の展開を改めて辿り直すことで、1440 年代前半の体系的著作から1450 年の「無学者」Idiota 三部作以降の展開までのはざまにおける1440 年代半ばのクザーヌスの思想にも、従来与えられてきた評価とは異なる積極的な意義を見出すことができるように思われる。

This paper attempts to find out another line of discussion in the Christological ideas of Nicholas of Cusa (Nicolaus Cusanus) in the 1440s—the development of which began with On Learned Ignorance (De docta ignorantia)—that is different from the line of discussion centered on the concept of "equality" (aequalitas) which the recent research has paid attention to. The recent studies on Nicholas of Cusa zeroing in on the problem of medium between God and creatures look at the concept of equality from the perspective of theoretical justification of incarnation. After tracing this line of discussion, this paper illuminates the fact that a different line of discussion concerning the theory of incarnation had already been germinating in the third volume of On Learned Ignorance. It also points out that this line of discussion was carried into his perspective on the relationship between incarnation and the creation of universe, which is the main theme of On the Gift of the Father of Lights (De dato patris luminum) written five years later. It is a trajectory of the construction of Nicholas of Cusa's unique theory of incarnation which may be called "the cosmic incarnation". Retracing the development of his Christological ideas during this period should help find positive meaning in his thoughts from the mid-1440s—which is different from the judgment that has so far been given them—in the space between the time of his systematic works of the early 1440s and the time of development after The Layman (Idiota) trilogy written in 1450.