量子三目並べの必勝法解析

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  • Analysis of Quantum Tic-Tac-Toe

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「量子三目並べ」は2002年に物理学者AllanGoffらによって提案された,量子力学の概念を利用した二人完全情報零和ゲームである1).本稿では,直線状の三目を先に完成させれば勝ちとする古典的な三目並べの勝利基準(完勝と呼ぶ)と,両者同時に三目完成させたとき,完成した三目の着手番号の最大値が小さい方を勝ちとする勝利基準(辛勝と呼ぶ)の下で量子三目並べの必勝法の解析を行い,本ゲームが完勝の基準の下では引き分けであり,辛勝の基準の下では先手必勝で勝利に必要な手数が9手であることを示す.さらに,探索の高速化とある自然な改訂ルールの下での必勝法についても述べる.

Quantum Tic-Tac-Toe is a two-player zero-sum game based on the concepts in quantum physics proposed by physicist Allan Goff et al. in 2002. We analyze winning strategies of Quantum Tic-Tac-Toe under the following two kinds of criteria: one is as in the same way with the classical Tic-Tac-Toe that a player who achieves three-straight marks wins the game (which we call complete win) and the other is that when two players both achieve three-straight marks, the player whose maximum order among the three marks is smaller wins the game (which we call narrow win). We show that under the criterion of complete win, the game is a tie and under the criterion of narrow win, the first player has a winning strategy and needs nine total marks to win the game. We also explore techniques for accelerating the search and analyze winning strategies for the game with some modified rule.

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