Wage Stagnation and Structural Changes in Japan

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  • 日本の賃金停滞と産業構造変化
  • ニホン ノ チンギン テイタイ ト サンギョウ コウゾウ ヘンカ

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Abstract

In Japan, wages have not increased since the 1990s. In this paper, we decompose the growth rate of labor productivity and average wages into within effects and reallocation effects, and examine the cause of wage stagnation. Our main results are as follows. Firstly, since the 1990s, the slowdown in manufacturing productivity growth and the decline in service sector productivity have slowed labor productivity growth. Secondly, employment stopped shifting to industries with relatively high productivity, and the positive reallocation effect diminished. Finally, average wages have been declining in many industries since the 2000s, and the employment shift to industries with relatively low wages has lowered the average wages.

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