師範学校統廃合問題に関する一考察 : 大阪府天王寺・池田師範学校の事例を中心に

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • シハン ガッコウトウハイゴウ モンダイ ニ カンスル イチ コウサツ : オオサカフ テンノウジ ・ イケダ シハン ガッコウ ノ ジレイ オ チュウシン ニ
  • Merger and closure of teacher training colleges in pre-war Japan : Case study of Ikeda Normal School and Tennoji Normal School in Osaka Prefecture

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説明

At the present time, public teacher training colleges and university departments in Japan are reviewing their functions and facilities with a view to improving them. This paper discusses best practice in teacher training in the light of current moves to merge and reorganize teacher training facilities, and seeks to highlight the importance of maintaining dedicated teacher training facilities. As an example, the paper reviews the controversy over the merger and closure of teacher training establishments — then known as “normal schools” — in pre-war Japan, and seeks to clarify the purpose of a “normal school”. Eleven prefectures in Japan used to have two or more “normal schools”: Tokyo, Aichi, Niigata, Hokkaido, Kagoshima, Fukuoka, Kumamoto, Hiroshima, Osaka and Shizuoka. The paper focuses on Osaka Prefecture. The idea of merging Ikeda Normal School and Tennoji Normal School in Osaka arose from discussions by the Osaka Prefectural Assembly. Assembly members were attempting to solve the problems of costs, supply and demand of teachers, and a clique of academics by merging the two schools into one. Osaka prefectural authorities had previously decided to train teachers at both separate schools. Both schools were still in use, but Ikeda Normal School needed to be rebuilt due to aging, although the budget was not yet allocated. The location of Ikeda Normal School was well to the north of Osaka Prefecture, and supervision by the Osaka prefectural authorities was difficult, so it was planned to relocate the school to a more appropriate area. When the relocation plan surfaced, the townspeople of Ikeda came together to organize a protest movement with the aim of retaining Ikeda Normal School. Jihei Konishi, scion of a well-known old family in Ikeda, formed a petition group and persuaded an experienced Minister of the Interior to reverse the relocation plan. Teacher training policy at that time was decided by politicians. The issue of merging and closing “normal schools” in Osaka Prefecture was controversial, and arose not for the purpose of improving teacher training but for economic reasons.

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