High - throughput spectrofluorimetric approach for one-step, sensitive, and green assays of alfuzosin hydrochloride using a 96-well microplate reader: Application to tablet formulations and human urine

In the current study, a novel fluorescence-based microplate methodology was introduced for the one-step determination of alfuzosin hydrochloride, with an assessment of the eco-friendliness of the two developed methods. The development of rapid analytical methods with high sensitivity, selectivity, and low cost is a growing trend. In this context, we propose two simple and rapid spectrofluorimetric methods for the quantitative analysis of alfuzosin in the form of active pharmaceutical ingredient, tablets, and urine samples. The first method relies on a direct assay of the native fluorescence of alfuzosin in water, whereas the second method exploits the quenching effect of alfuzosin on calcein dye for its assay at emission wavelengths of 390 and 520 nm, respectively. The obtained results showed high sensitivity with good linearity (> 0.999) over the concentration ranges of 0.75–12.5 and 10–1200 ng/mL, respectively. The eco-friendly features of the proposed methods were proven by greenness evaluation studies employing the National Environmental Methods Index, analytical Eco-scale score, and Green Analytical Procedure Index as three assessment tools. It was concluded that both methods are efficient analytical tools from a green perspective and are promptly applicable for the alfuzosin assay, while the first method demonstrated 10-fold higher sensitivity. In addition, ever-increasing miniaturization as handling large numbers of micro-volume samples simultaneously and reagents in the proposed methods have enabled them to be safer alternatives for rapid routine analysis in quality control units.