看護学生に対する予防接種推奨の課題 : SD法によるイメージ調査からの検討

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  • カンゴ ガクセイ ニ タイスル ヨボウ セッシュ スイショウ ノ カダイ SDホウ ニ ヨル イメージ チョウサ カラ ノ ケントウ
  • Issues in the vaccination recommendation for nursing students : consideration from an image research by the Semantic Differential Method

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Background : An investigation of immune antibody titer against pediatric infectious diseases and hepatitis B was conducted to nursing students. They were then instructed to vaccinate against communicable diseases they were not yet immunized against. Although they recognized the importance of vaccination, only few actually vaccinated themselves. Consequently, an image research was conducted to find factors determining the attitude toward vaccination. This has clarified issues in vaccination recommendation. Methods : Group questionnaire surveys were conducted to the subjects of 104 nursing students before and after an instruction on vaccination and after 2 months sandwiching vacation. For an image research, the Semantic Differential Method was employed, setting five concepts of : Vaccination, Nurse, Self, Rubella, and Hepatitis B. Results : In the comparison of images to vaccination before and after the instruction, the responses to the questions, “Cheap-Expensive” and “Simple-Complicating,” changed significantly in a negative direction, （p＜ 0.01）after the instruction. Between the concepts of “Nurse” and “Self,” the responses to “Healthy-Sickly” （p ＜0.01）and “Resistant-Vulnerable”,（p＜0.01）were positive in “Nurse”, whereas the responses to “Uneasily sickened-Easily sickened” （p＜0.01） and “Safe-Risky” were positive in “Self.” This represented a contradiction in the subjects’ logic : while the students thought they were uneasily sickened and felt safer than nurses, nurses were seen as healthier and more resistant then the students but easily sickened. Their images toward “Self” did not change from before to after the instruction. Conclusion : The enhancement of vaccination rate requires an environmental approach to the barrier to vaccination, for example, by improving consultation methods and by financial support. Furthermore, the nursing students represented self- contradiction ; although they realized they lacked certain immunity, they were overconfident about their health. What remains to be seen is the education to enable them to change their attitude toward their own health and realize their self- contradiction.

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