Wireless communication for environmental monitoring at waste landfills using low-frequency electromagnetic waves

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  • Nakayama, Hirofumi
    Dept. of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University
  • Tazoe, Tomoya
    Dept. of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University
  • Shimaoka, Takayuki
    Dept. of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University
  • Kanaya, Haruichi
    Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become indispensable for environmental monitoring, especially in infrastructures like waste landfills. This research probed the feasibility of underground WSNs employing low-frequency electromagnetic waves (LFEMW) for transmitting data from sensors embedded within landfill waste layers to surface-based receivers. A conceptual WSN system was designed wherein data from these underground sensors was relayed via LFEMW to a surface receiver. This receiver subsequently forwarded the data to a cloud server. We investigated various factors that might influence LFEMW communication performance, including equipment installation conditions and the specific characteristics of landfill waste. Experiments conducted with incineration ash showcased the potential of LFEMW for underground communication. Furthermore, the research delved into how waste attributes like density, moisture, and metal content can impact communication, thereby reinforcing the practicality of using LFEMWs in landfill contexts. Conclusively, the study affirmed successful wireless communication within a simulated waste landfill over a span of 1 year, highlighting the promise of LFEMWs for consistent, real-time monitoring in landfill scenarios.

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