Sediment transport in high‐speed flows over a fixed bed: 1. Particle dynamics

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  • Christian Auel
    ILF Consulting Engineers Feldkreuzstrasse 3, 6063 Rum/Innsbruck Austria (formerly 2 and 3)
  • Ismail Albayrak
    Laboratory of Hydraulics Hydrology and Glaciology ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 26 8093 Zurich Switzerland
  • Tetsuya Sumi
    Water Resources Research Center Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto University, Goka‐sho Uji 611‐0011 Japan
  • Robert M. Boes
    Laboratory of Hydraulics Hydrology and Glaciology ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 26 8093 Zurich Switzerland

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Particle dynamics are investigated experimentally in supercritical high‐speed open channel flow over a fixed planar bed of low relative roughness height simulating flows in high‐gradient non‐alluvial mountain streams and hydraulic structures. Non‐dimensional equations were developed for transport mode, particle velocity, hop length and hop height accounting for a wide range of literature data encompassing sub‐ and supercritical flow conditions as well as planar and alluvial bed configurations. Particles were dominantly transported in saltation and particle trajectories on planar beds were rather flat and long compared with alluvial bed data due to (1) increased lift forces by spinning motion, (2) strongly downward directed secondary currents, and (3) a planar flume bed where variation in particle reflection and damping effects were minor. The analysis of particle saltation trajectories revealed that the rising and falling limbs were almost symmetrical contradicting alluvial bed data. Furthermore, no or negligible effect of particle size and shape on particle dynamics were found. Implications of experimental findings for mechanistic saltation‐abrasion models are briefly discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</jats:p>

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