Hydrates of Organic Compounds. II. The Effect of Alkyl Groups on the Formation of Quaternary Ammonium Fluoride Hydrates

DOI PDF 9 Citations 7 References
  • Haruo Nakayama
    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University
  • Kazuichi Watanabe
    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The solid-liquid phase diagrams for the binary mixtures of water with various quaternary ammonium fluorides, (n-C4H9)3RNF (R=H, CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, i-C3H7, n-C4H9, i-C4H9, n-C5H11, i-C5H11, n-C6H13, n-C7H15, and C6H5CH2), have been determined in order to see the effect of alkyl groups on the formation of clathrate hydrates. It has been found that, among these compounds, not only (n-C4H9)4NF, which has been known as a clathrate hydrate-forming salt, but also several other compounds with R=C2H5, n-C3H7, i-C3H7, i-C4H9, n-C5H11, and iC5H11 can form hydrate type. These hydrates are believed to be of the clathrate hydrates since they have almost the same hydration numbers as that of (n-C4H9)4NF hydrate. From the melting points of these hydrates, it has been concluded that the most suitable alkyl chain length of quaternary ammonium salts for their clathrate-hydrate formation is C4-chain (butyl or isopentyl). In the cases of R=CH3 and C6H5CH2, hydrates having lower melting points and smaller hydration numbers than those of the above group of hydrates have been detected. No hydrates have been observed for the salts with R=H, n-C6H13 and n-C7H15.</jats:p>

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