Abdominal aortic aneurysms

DOI HANDLE PDF Web Site PubMed 研究データあり 被引用文献12件 参考文献250件

書誌事項

公開日
2018-10-18
資源種別
journal article
権利情報
  • https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining
  • https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining
DOI
  • 10.1038/s41572-018-0030-7
公開者
Springer Science and Business Media LLC

説明

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized dilatation of the infrarenal aorta. AAA is a multifactorial disease, and genetic and environmental factors play a part; smoking, male sex and a positive family history are the most important risk factors, and AAA is most common in men65 years of age. AAA results from changes in the aortic wall structure, including thinning of the media and adventitia due to the loss of vascular smooth muscle cells and degradation of the extracellular matrix. If the mechanical stress of the blood pressure acting on the wall exceeds the wall strength, the AAA ruptures, causing life-threatening intra-abdominal haemorrhage - the mortality for patients with ruptured AAA is 65-85%. Although AAAs of any size can rupture, the risk of rupture increases with diameter. Intact AAAs are typically asymptomatic, and in settings where screening programmes with ultrasonography are not implemented, most cases are diagnosed incidentally. Modern functional imaging techniques (PET, CT and MRI) may help to assess rupture risk. Elective repair of AAA with open surgery or endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) should be considered to prevent AAA rupture, although the morbidity and mortality associated with both techniques remain non-negligible.

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