Important Factors for Tornadogenesis as Revealed by High-Resolution Ensemble Forecasts of the Tsukuba Supercell Tornado of 6 May 2012 in Japan

DOI Web Site 被引用文献9件 参考文献51件
  • Sho Yokota
    Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan
  • Hiroshi Niino
    Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
  • Hiromu Seko
    Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, and Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
  • Masaru Kunii
    Numerical Prediction Division, Forecast Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, and Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan
  • Hiroshi Yamauchi
    Administration Division, Observation Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, and Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan

書誌事項

公開日
2018-04
資源種別
journal article
権利情報
  • http://www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses
DOI
  • 10.1175/mwr-d-17-0254.1
公開者
American Meteorological Society

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説明

<jats:p> To identify important factors for supercell tornadogenesis, 33-member ensemble forecasts of the supercell tornado that struck the city of Tsukuba, Japan, on 6 May 2012 were conducted using a mesoscale numerical model with a 50-m horizontal grid. Based on the ensemble forecasts, the sources of the rotation of simulated tornadoes and the relationship between tornadogenesis and mesoscale environmental processes near the tornado were analyzed. Circulation analyses of near-surface, tornadolike vortices simulated in several ensemble members showed that the rotation of the tornadoes could be frictionally generated near the surface. However, the mechanisms responsible for generating circulation were only weakly related to the strength of the tornadoes. To identify the mesoscale processes required for tornadogenesis, mesoscale atmospheric conditions and their correlations with the strength of tornadoes were examined. The results showed that two near-tornado mesoscale factors were important for tornadogenesis: strong low-level mesocyclones (LMCs) at about 1 km above ground level and humid air near the surface. Strong LMCs and large water vapor near the surface strengthened the nonlinear dynamic vertical perturbation pressure gradient force and buoyancy, respectively. These upward forces made contributions essential for tornadogenesis via tilting and stretching of vorticity near the surface. </jats:p>

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