<jats:p>Abstract. Previous studies have shown that bioaerosols are injected into the atmosphere during dust events. These bioaerosols may affect leeward ecosystems, human health and agricultural productivity and may even induce climate change. However, bioaerosol dynamics have rarely been investigated along the transport pathway of Asian dust, especially in China, where dust events affect huge areas and massive numbers of people. Given this situation, the Dust-Bioaerosol (DuBi) Campaign was carried out over northern China, and the effects of dust events on the amount and diversity of bioaerosols were investigated. The results indicate that the number of bacteria showed remarkable increases during the dust events, and the diversity of the bacterial communities also increased significantly, as determined by means of microscopic observations with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and MiSeq sequencing analysis. These results indicate that dust clouds can carry many bacteria of various types into downwind regions and may have potentially important impacts on ecological environments and climate change. The abundances of DAPI-stained bacteria in the dust samples were one to two orders of magnitude greater than those in the non-dust samples and reached 105 ~ 106 particles m−3. Moreover, the charge capacity of yellow fluorescent particles associated with the DAPI-stained bacteria increased from 5.1 % ± 6.3 % (non-dust samples) to 9.8 % ± 6.3 % (dust samples). A beta diversity analysis of the bacterial communities demonstrated the distinct clustering of separate prokaryotic communities in the dust and non-dust samples. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria remained the dominant phyla in all samples. As for Erenhot, the relative amounts of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi have a remarkable rise in dust events. Alphaproteobacteria made the major contribution of the increasing relative amounts of the phylum proteobacteria in all dust samples. In the future, the viability and activity of airborne microbes, the interactions between bioaerosols and other gaseous and solid components in the air, and the effects of bioaerosols on animals and plants, ecological environments and the climate system must be studied in depth to help us understand the behavior of bioaerosols in the air and dust clouds in greater detail. </jats:p>