CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING). IX. <b>12</b>CO(<i>J</i> = 2–1)/<b>12</b>CO(<i>J</i> = 1–0) line ratio on kiloparsec scales
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- Yoshiyuki Yajima
- Department of Cosmosciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University , N10 W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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- Kazuo Sorai
- Department of Cosmosciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University , N10 W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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- Yusuke Miyamoto
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
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- Kazuyuki Muraoka
- Department of Physical Science, Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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- Nario Kuno
- Division of Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- Hiroyuki Kaneko
- Graduate School of Education, Joetsu University of Education , 1, Yamayashiki-machi, Joetsu, Niigata 943-8512, Japan
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- Tsutomu T Takeuchi
- Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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- Atsushi Yasuda
- Division of Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- Takahiro Tanaka
- Division of Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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- Kana Morokuma-Matsui
- Institute of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan
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- Masato I N Kobayashi
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
抄録
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>While molecular gas mass is usually derived from 12CO(J = 1–0)—the most fundamental line for exploring molecular gas—it is often derived from 12CO(J = 2–1) assuming a constant 12CO(J = 2–1)$/$12CO(J = 1–0) line ratio (R2/1). We present variations of R2/1 and effects of the assumption that R2/1 is a constant in 24 nearby galaxies using 12CO data obtained with the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope and IRAM 30 m telescope. The median of R2/1 for all galaxies is 0.61, and the weighted mean of R2/1 by 12CO(J = 1–0) integrated intensity is 0.66 with a standard deviation of 0.19. The radial variation of R2/1 shows that it is high (∼0.8) in the inner ∼1 kpc while its median in disks is nearly constant at 0.60 when all galaxies are compiled. In the case that the constant R2/1 of 0.7 is adopted, we found that the total molecular gas mass derived from 12CO(J = 2–1) is underestimated/overestimated by ∼20%, and at most by 35%. The scatter of molecular gas surface density within each galaxy becomes larger by ∼30%, and at most by 120%. Indices of the spatially resolved Kennicutt–Schmidt relation by 12CO(J = 2–1) are underestimated by 10%–20%, at most 39%, in 17 out of 24 galaxies. R2/1 has good positive correlations with star-formation rate and infrared color, and a negative correlation with molecular gas depletion time. There is a clear tendency of increasing R2/1 with increasing kinetic temperature (Tkin). Further, we found that not only Tkin but also pressure of molecular gas is important in understanding variations of R2/1. Special considerations should be made when discussing molecular gas mass and molecular gas properties inferred from 12CO(J = 2–1) instead of 12CO(J = 1–0).</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 73 (2), 257-285, 2021-02-11
Oxford University Press (OUP)
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詳細情報 詳細情報について
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- CRID
- 1360009142544496640
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- ISSN
- 2053051X
- 00046264
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- データソース種別
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- Crossref
- KAKEN