High-density mapping of primate digit representations with a 1152-channel µECoG array

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Objective.</jats:italic> Advances in brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) are expected to support patients with movement disorders. Electrocorticogram (ECoG) measures electrophysiological activities over a large area using a low-invasive flexible sheet placed on the cortex. ECoG has been considered as a feasible signal source of the clinical BMI device. To capture neural activities more precisely, the feasibility of higher-density arrays has been investigated. However, currently, the number of electrodes is limited to approximately 300 due to wiring difficulties, device size, and system costs. <jats:italic>Approach.</jats:italic> We developed a high-density recording system with a large coverage (14 × 7 mm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) and using 1152 electrodes by directly integrating dedicated flexible arrays with the neural-recording application-specific integrated circuits and their interposers. <jats:italic>Main results.</jats:italic> Comparative experiments with a 128-channel array demonstrated that the proposed device could delineate the entire digit representation of a nonhuman primate. Subsampling analysis revealed that higher-amplitude signals can be measured using higher-density arrays. <jats:italic>Significance.</jats:italic> We expect that the proposed system that simultaneously establishes large-scale sampling, high temporal-precision of electrophysiology, and high spatial resolution comparable to optical imaging will be suitable for next-generation brain-sensing technology.</jats:p>

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