Investigating the multiwavelength behaviour of the flat spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 during 2013–2017
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- F D’Ammando
- INAF - Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
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- C M Raiteri
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via P. Torinese, I- Torino, Italy
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- M Villata
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via P. Torinese, I- Torino, Italy
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- J A Acosta-Pulido
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain
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- I Agudo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
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- A A Arkharov
- Pulkovo Observatory, 196140 St. Petersburg, Russia
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- R Bachev
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
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- G V Baida
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, P/O Nauchny 298409, Russia
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- E Benítez
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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- G A Borman
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, P/O Nauchny 298409, Russia
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- W Boschin
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain
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- V Bozhilov
- Faculty of Physics, Department of Astronomy, University of Sofia, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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- M S Butuzova
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, P/O Nauchny 298409, Russia
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- P Calcidese
- Osservatorio Astronomico della Regione Autonoma Valle d’Aosta, I-11020 Nus, Italy
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- M I Carnerero
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via P. Torinese, I- Torino, Italy
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- D Carosati
- INAF, TNG Fundación Galileo Galilei, E-38712 La Palma, Spain
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- C Casadio
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
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- N Castro-Segura
- Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
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- W-P Chen
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
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- G Damljanovic
- Astronomical Observatory, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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- A Di Paola
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
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- J Echevarría
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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- N V Efimova
- Pulkovo Observatory, 196140 St. Petersburg, Russia
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- Sh A Ehgamberdiev
- Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Maidanak Observatory, Tashkent 100052, Uzbekistan
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- C Espinosa
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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- A Fuentes
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
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- A Giunta
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
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- J L Gómez
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
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- T S Grishina
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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- M A Gurwell
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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- D Hiriart
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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- H Jermak
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
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- B Jordan
- School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies, Ireland
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- S G Jorstad
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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- M Joshi
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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- G N Kimeridze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia
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- E N Kopatskaya
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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- K Kuratov
- NNLOT, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
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- O M Kurtanidze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia
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- S O Kurtanidze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia
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- A Lähteenmäki
- Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland
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- V M Larionov
- Pulkovo Observatory, 196140 St. Petersburg, Russia
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- E G Larionova
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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- L V Larionova
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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- C Lázaro
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain
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- C S Lin
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
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- M P Malmrose
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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- A P Marscher
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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- K Matsumoto
- Astronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka 582-8582, Japan
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- B McBreen
- UCD School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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- R Michel
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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- B Mihov
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
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- M Minev
- Faculty of Physics, Department of Astronomy, University of Sofia, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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- D O Mirzaqulov
- Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Maidanak Observatory, Tashkent 100052, Uzbekistan
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- S N Molina
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
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- J W Moody
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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- D A Morozova
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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- S V Nazarov
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, P/O Nauchny 298409, Russia
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- A A Nikiforova
- Pulkovo Observatory, 196140 St. Petersburg, Russia
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- M G Nikolashvili
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia
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- J M Ohlert
- Michael Adrian Observatorium, Astronomie Stiftung Trebur, D-65468 Trebur, Germany
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- N Okhmat
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, P/O Nauchny 298409, Russia
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- E Ovcharov
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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- F Pinna
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain
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- T A Polakis
- Command Module Observatory, Tempe AZ, USA
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- C Protasio
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain
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- T Pursimo
- Nordic Optical Telescope, E-38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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- F J Redondo-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain
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- N Rizzi
- Osservatorio Astronomico Sirio, I-70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
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- G Rodriguez-Coira
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
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- K Sadakane
- Astronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka 582-8582, Japan
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- A C Sadun
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
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- M R Samal
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
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- S S Savchenko
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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- E Semkov
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
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- L Sigua
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia
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- B A Skiff
- Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 85751, USA
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- L Slavcheva-Mihova
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
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- P S Smith
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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- I A Steele
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
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- A Strigachev
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
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- J Tammi
- Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland
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- C Thum
- Instituto de Radio Astronomía Milimétrica, E-18012 Granada, Spain
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- M Tornikoski
- Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland
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- Yu V Troitskaya
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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- I S Troitsky
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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- A A Vasilyev
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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- O Vince
- Astronomical Observatory, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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- T Hovatta
- Finnish Center for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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- S Kiehlmann
- Owens Valley Radio Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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- W Max-Moerbeck
- Departamento de Astronoma, Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
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- A C S Readhead
- Owens Valley Radio Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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- R Reeves
- Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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- T J Pearson
- Owens Valley Radio Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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- T Mufakharov
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
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- Yu V Sotnikova
- Special Astrophysical Observatory of RAS, Nizhnij Arkhyz 369167, Russia
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- M G Mingaliev
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan 420044, Russia
Abstract
<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p>We present a multiwavelength study of the flat-spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 during 2013–2017. We use radio-to-optical data obtained by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope, 15 GHz data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, 91 and 103 GHz data from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, near-infrared data from the Rapid Eye Monitor telescope, as well as data from the Swift (optical-UV and X-rays) and Fermi (γ-rays) satellites to study flux and spectral variability and the correlation between flux changes at different wavelengths. Unprecedented γ-ray flaring activity was observed during 2016 November–2017 February, with four major outbursts. A peak flux of (2158 ± 63) × 10−8 ph cm−2 s−1, corresponding to a luminosity of (2.2 ± 0.1) × 1050 erg s−1, was reached on 2016 December 28. These four γ-ray outbursts have corresponding events in the near-infrared, optical, and UV bands, with the peaks observed at the same time. A general agreement between X-ray and γ-ray activity is found. The γ-ray flux variations show a general, strong correlation with the optical ones with no time lag between the two bands and a comparable variability amplitude. This γ-ray/optical relationship is in agreement with the geometrical model that has successfully explained the low-energy flux and spectral behaviour, suggesting that the long-term flux variations are mainly due to changes in the Doppler factor produced by variations of the viewing angle of the emitting regions. The difference in behaviour between radio and higher energy emission would be ascribed to different viewing angles of the jet regions producing their emission.</jats:p>
Journal
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- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490 (4), 5300-5316, 2019-10-09
Oxford University Press (OUP)
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Details 詳細情報について
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- CRID
- 1360011143730867840
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- ISSN
- 13652966
- 00358711
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- Data Source
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- Crossref